Osteoarthritis
The exact cause of OA is not fully understood, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors for OA include age, obesity, previous joint injuries, and occupations that put a lot of strain on the joints. Some people may also be at higher risk for OA due to underlying medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis.
In the early stages of OA, the cartilage may become thin and brittle, leading to small cracks and fractures. As the disease progresses, the cartilage may completely wear away, leaving the bones to rub against each other. This can lead to the formation of bone spurs, or bony growths, around the edges of the joint. The joint may also become inflamed, leading to swelling and pain.
The main symptoms of OA are pain and stiffness in the affected joint, especially after periods of inactivity. The joint may also feel tender to the touch and may be swollen. As the disease progresses, the range of motion in the joint may become limited and the joint may become deformed.
OA is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays or MRI), and a review of the patient's medical history. There is no cure for OA, but treatment options are available to help manage the pain and improve the function of the affected joint. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy, and joint injections. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged joint.
In conclusion, OA is a chronic degenerative joint disease that is characterized by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and imaging tests. While there is no cure for OA, treatment options are available to help manage the pain and improve the function of the affected joint.
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